Male Circumcision should be Promoted in Developing...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the major health problem globally since 1981. Since that time, almost 70 million people have been infected and nearly 35 million have died due to HIV infection (Global Health Observatory, WHO). With the development of prevention methods and maintaining medical interventions, the incidence of HIV was reduced one-third between 2001 and 2012(UNAIDS., 2013). But there are still 35.3 (32.2–38.8) million people were living with HIV in 2012 with 2.3 (1.9–2.7) million new HIV infections globally according to this Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) report. And it also stated that many challenges exist to achieve millennium development goal 6(MDG-6), â€Å"COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES†. After 30 years of fighting against HIV, all becomes realize that we need new strategies to reach one of our latest goals â€Å"Zero new Infection†. To achieve this goal, Vaccine development is the best but we still not get perfect vaccine although we are trying for many years. So people decide to develop some new ideas which are more realistic. One of them is promotion of male circumcision as a major mean of HIV prevention. Figure 1 show the global adult prevalence rate of HIV in 2007 and it is clearly stated that most HIV cases are in developing countries especially from Africa. Therefore, a cost effective intervention like male circumcision that can suit forShow MoreRelatedPromoting Male Circumcision as a Means of HIV Prevention in Developing Countries1060 Words   |  4 Pagesanniversary of the discovery of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Out of 35 million people living with HIV worldwide, Sub Saharan Africa bears 70% of the global prevalence burden while South and South East Asia hold another 10% (UNAIDS, 2013). As the results of continuous efforts to end the epidemic, a comprehensive HIV prevention package was recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) comprised of: HIV testing and counselling, correctRead MoreA Research Paper About Human Immunodeficiency Virus6608 Words   |  27 Pages HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus responsible for gradually destroying the human immune system, and subjecting it to various invincible opportunistic infections. It is the most complex virus ever encountered by mankind. Many of its mysteries have been unleashed through persistent research and studies. While many, are yet to be revealed. II. There are a lot of things to know about this virus. A. History of HIV The human immunodefiency virus (HIV) descendedRead MoreAppraisal Techniques of Public Investments and Projects62994 Words   |  252 Pages(office) October 2011 The purpose of this Training Manual is to help PITT implement the use of international best practices of Investment Appraisal techniques in its programming of public sector investments. It describes how public sector investments should be assessed at conception or programming stage. The modules introduce the basic concepts behind the appraisal techn iques and their applicability in the Rwandan context. It describes the DCF methodology, the shadow pricing methodology and performance

MW corp Essay - 1432 Words

Draft MW Petroleum Corporation (A) Background: In late 1990, the group of Amoco Corporation and Apache Corporation had begun talking regarding the possible acquisition of MW Petroleum from Amoco to Apache. MW Petroleum Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of Amoco Corporation which has its own reserves, management team and with full ownership in geologic and engineering data. MW Petroleum, a free-standing exploration company that was even as large as some of independent oil companies. It operated exploration and development for well, approximately working interests in 9,500 wells in 300 production areas. The growth of MW was very attractive to the other investors, which company grows 30% per year since mid-1980s, due to large†¦show more content†¦The intention of the company to review its assets with an eye toward selling properties or business lines that did not meet its long-term objectives. The demand for company’s products was in slow pace and oil and gas prices low. Apaches objective was to expand and rat ionalize their properties. Adhering to their strategy of growth was to develop and acquire oil and gas reserves. They are aiming to double their reserves in the future. This investment can lead them increase their asset and investors. Apache’s believed that achieving high profit could be realized by acquiring marginal properties and operating well with expertise. Therefore, the deal was likely to be a win-win situation for both parties, if they could reach a reasonable price to accept. Between the two companies, the MW Corporation was more valuable to the Apache, because it would give benefit to them to have expand their properties and generate income, unlike if it remains with the Amoco that it would be part of the least profitable properties. The Apaches main source of value was to expand and diverse their asset base while the Amocos main source of value was to limit their cost, and eliminate the business with a less profitable. Structure and execute a DCF valuation of all the MW reserves. How much are the reserves worth? Is your estimate more likely to be biased high or low? What are the sources of bias? DCF valuation was popular method used in valuing a company,Show MoreRelatedMw Petroleum-Case Solution 2 Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesMW corp By michael_manly | Studymode.com Draft MW Petroleum Corporation (A) Background: In late 1990, the group of Amoco Corporation and Apache Corporation had begun talking regarding the possible acquisition of MW Petroleum from Amoco to Apache. MW Petroleum Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of Amoco Corporation which has its own reserves, management team and with full ownership in geologic and engineering data. MW Petroleum, a free-standing exploration company that was even as largeRead MoreEnergy Finance Americas ( Sfs Ef )1621 Words   |  7 PagesAuthority (â€Å"BC Hydro†) (Aaa; SFS Rating 1). Under the EPA, the contracted capacity is 33 MW. The Project benefits from the storage facilities to deliver the seasonal energy delivery obligations under the EPA. The EPA allows for a 10-year renewal if either of the parties to the EPA has not provided a termination notice. The Project’s sponsors are BluEarth Renewables LP (â€Å"BER†) (78%), Altaqua Reneable Power Corp. (ARPC) (10.6%), and Tsain-ko Blue Run of River Limited Partnership (â€Å"Shà ­shà ¡lh Nation†)Read MoreThis Paper Addresses The Current State Of Firstenergy Corp.,1524 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper addresses the current state of FirstEnergy Corp., including an overview of the company’s history, subsidiaries, areas of operation, stock performance, and the recent change in business strategy. The paper goes on to describe how utility companies realize profit much differently than other companies and expresses the importance of accurate financials. The paper then addresses some of the issues faced by FirstEnergy’s accrual accounting process, and analyzes the problem using an A3 – FiveRead MorePower Shortage7476 Words   |  30 Pagesrolling blackouts that could last until 2012. â€Å"Luzon will enter a supply-demand equilibrium next year, resulting in intermittent brownouts until new supply comes in by 2012,† Alan Ortiz, former president and chief executive of the National Transmission Corp., warned at the Power Outlook Forum. Ortiz, now an independent energy consultant, said Luzon faced a critical period next year because the existing generating capacity would not be able to meet the peak demand and the required reserve margin, whichRead MoreMw Petroleum Case Study2969 Words   |  12 PagesIn less than five, double-spaced, typewritten pages, plus any exhibits, please answer the following questions about MW Petroleum Corp. This assignment is worth a maximum of 100 points. 1. (10 points.) Apart from any quantitative analysis, are there any reasons to anticipate that Apache Corporation’s acquisition of MW Petroleum might be a positive net present value activity for Apache, for Amoco? Explain. This looks like an attractive deal for both parties. Amoco does many things well, but managingRead MoreHistory Of Hydropower Of The United States1416 Words   |  6 Pagespopularity of hydroelectric plants quickly took off. By 1889, over 200 hydroelectric power plants were operational in the United States. Thi s rapid increase in hydroelectric power generation led to the United States Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers joining in on development of hydropower and funding projects. By 1920, as much as 40% of the power produced in the United States was generated from Hydroelectric power plants (â€Å"Hydroelectric Power† 2). This fact was especially impressiveRead MoreHydropower Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagessmall businesses energy under the command of the government. (FAQ, paragraph 1). The American government doesn’t control all of the hydropower plants according to hydro.org, 52% of hydropower generation is owned by the Bureau of Reclamation, Army Corps of Engineers and other federal entities, built not only for power generation but also for other benefits such as water supply, flood control and navigation. The other 48% is owned by private and public utilities, municipalities and others.(FAQ, paragraphRead MoreFloating Power Plant1814 Words   |  8 Pagesconstruction starting in 1963. The original ship propulsion system was removed, and a single-loop pressurized water reactor, in a 350 ton containment vessel, was installed, using low enriched uranium (4% to 7% 235U) as fuel. The reactor supplied 10 MW (13,000 hp) electricity to the Panama Canal Zone from October 1968 to 1975. [pic] Waller Marine has played an important role in the reintroduction of the Floating Power Plant (FPP) since the late 1980’s when the Company was asked to inspectRead MoreCase 1 Dabhol Case Study Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesfavorable response of Central Government and State Government officials in the Maharashtra State Government to the proposal of Enron stating to build the largest of its kind gas fired power plant. d. Formal MOU signed In May 1992 India invited Enron Corp to explore the possibilities of building a large power plant in Maharashtra and the following month a memorandum of understanding was signed. In December 1993 Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) signed a power purchase agreement with a newlyRead MorePower Crisis in Tamilnadu and Remedial Measure to over Come4549 Words   |  19 Pagesbeen hit hard by strict regulations on hours of load shedding, with many units being forced to shut down operations for an entire day each week. Industry sources are also upset over the fact that while manufacturing units consume only 35% of the 9500 MW power consumption in Tamil Nadu, they are being forced to suffer load shedding far more than domestic consumers. Many units have begun operating shifts with the help of diesel generators, but this is proving to be an expensive solution which is affecting

Business Ethics and Cross Cultural Communication †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics Cross Cultural Communication. Answer: Introduction Traditionally in the world of business, especially within SMEs, the production models were based mainly on rigidity and lack of codes of ethics and values. The false idea that the relationship with the workers was not going to bring any improvement to the productivity and business growth did not attend to basic aspects like creating a good organizational government. There are even currents of experts who associate this lack of ethics with the current crisis, both economic and values. For this reason, efforts for the implementation of codes of ethics have been increasing in the last few years. They seek to reinforce values and corporate culture within the different institutions and companies (Cory, 2005). Ethical codes According to Aranguren, the concept of ethics refers to morality thought and morality lived, based on the different moral references that will serve to guide the behavior of both individuals and institutions. The concepts of ethics and business have coexisted in societies without coming together, as an erroneous interpretation of ethics, approaching it to subjective aspects, beliefs and not to a value that can effectively implement companies (De George, 2014). There was a general idea that the only function of a company was to make profits and maximize profitability, so there was no place for morality here. On the other hand, currents like the one developed by Solomon (1997) defended the existence of certain obligations on the part of the companies, not only towards its shareholders but also towards the consumers and the societies in general nevertheless, ethics is present in every decision made by a manager. Hence the importance that executives have in promoting ethics in the organi zations in which they work, it listed a series of practical tips to promote ethics in management: These theses are based on the responsibility of companies to maintain a balance between their financial objectives and those of a social nature, because they must offer quality services that are not detrimental to the communities (Dolan and Kawamura, 2015). Corporate mentality and philosophies Little by little, the corporate mentality and the policies of Corporate Social Responsibility have been progressing jointly towards the promotion of ethical codes of conduct that seek a more solidary and humane business culture. In order to promote ethical values among workers, it is beginning to be understood as a potential source of wealth, since synergies and improvements in this field are leading to greater optimization and better economic benefits. Nowadays, company ethics are becoming a necessary and indisputable asset and companies, either by obligation or by conviction, are implementing actions linked to promoting a more supportive and just culture. Advantages of taking care of the work ethic Creating a pleasant work environment that is capable of fostering workers' values of cooperation, positivism and camaraderie is fundamental to the good functioning and growth of a company. Among the advantages that would contribute would be: When employees feel valued and integrated into the work they will be happy, they will go every day with renewed energies and interest in getting improvements for their company, feeling identified with their success (Fisher, 2013). This satisfaction translates into greater productivity and performance and a more efficient and creative work, since they will not have other worries that prevent the maximum attention and dedication. Workers satisfied with their jobs have a positive view of these, in addition to being much more efficient, will be much more motivated, which translates into less absenteeism or rotations. In front of the public, the importance of maintaining a good working environment is fundamental to avoid losing customers or attract new ones, since a motivated and happy employee will be able to behave in a much more attentive, dynamic and Pleasant with customers, which will have a positive effect on sales. Cross cultural communication in Business In order to improve the ethical climate in the workplace, institutional and educational environments, different codes of ethics are being implemented that act as guides for the different users (Illman, 2001). To make them effective, it is necessary to emphasize their importance and to achieve a commitment of loyalty, companionship and cooperation between the different members of the organizations. Both individually and collectively, it is necessary to promote the values of organizational culture. The actions aimed at implementing this would be: Training of workers In order to get the moral mentality rooted in a company, it is very effective to offer courses and seminars on business ethics. As well as the use of guides of observable behaviors with which the dictionaries of competences and values are known, where the different needs of each organization are reflected, and how the distinctive structures are structured Levels of requirement (Illman, 2001). These should differentiate between: Competences of general type. They are basic to any type of organization and organization. Here you can work on aspects such as self-control, commitment, adaptation to change, organizational awareness, quality of work, ethics, justice, empowerment, people development, innovation, strength or integrity. Other important aspects such as simplicity, responsibility, customer orientation, perseverance or prudence would also be discussed. Based on exposing those competencies that are directly associated with positions of management, leadership and direction. For these levels, there are capacities to deal with, such as team development, self-learning, dynamism, initiative, media skills, empowerment, leadership, results orientation, integrity, responsibility, client orientation or strategic thinking. Intermediate levels. They are centered on intermediate positions, represented by technicians and middle employees. In these departments, continuous learning, self-control, adaptation to change, quality of work, collaboration, empathy, organizational awareness, communication, relationship development, work team management, empowerment, negotiation, commitment level, reliability and integrity Among others. Based on the step of the pyramid that requires less specialization. They must acquire skills related to the ability to learn, adaptability and self-control, organizational awareness, personal development, dynamism, impact and influence, initiative, leadership, responsibility, productivity, pressure tolerance or teamwork (Jeurissen and Rijst, 2007). An other fundamental aspect is the confidence and tranquility of the workers in their work environment, the fear of the reprisals of superiors or the denunciations by bad behavior are factors that influence negatively. In this way, guaranteeing a channel of confidentiality or a suggestion box from which to report bad practices without fear of reprisals, will provide security to their peers and will have sufficient confidence to bring to the attention of superiors any conduct that is reprehensible.Evaluation of performance And ethical behavior. There are now many systems that measure not only the individual results of marked objectives or the impact of a campaign through digital media, but also the skills and values of the workers themselves. And this is possible thanks to different actions aimed at internal auditing of the organization's ethics. Observable behavioral guidelines should be put in place where from the highest levels to the entry points are registered, so that there are no differences between ethics Which is promulgated in stock dictionaries and the actual behavior of workers. These systems are able to ensure that the values set by the company are properly met to promote ethical and appropriate behavior within the organization. To do this, actions such as: Carry out job satisfaction surveys for workers. In these moral surveys they will be able to express their complaints and suggestions with total freedom. Business Ethics Also perform periodic interviews that allow to know up close the ethics of the whole of the workers. In addition, these meetings allow a deeper and closer knowledge of the employee, getting to know if you feel comfortable, motivated or performed within the work environment. It is a good time also, to encourage it by positively valuing a job well done, so that it will improve its growth and development. Medir measure the degree of employee satisfaction through work absenteeism (Metge and Kinloch, n.d.). A very clear way to know if they feel comfortable and motivated, is to know if they do not move away from work, they may make more excuses not to go those who are discontented or feel pressured. Analyze productivity. When employees work without pressure and happy, they perform their work much more efficiently and quickly, so that production is a clear indicator of an adequate work environment or, on the contrary, unstructured and uncooperative. Rotation of workers. Observing if it is l ow, will be a clear sign that they are happy with their work, but if it increases, can assume that there is no good working environment or seek better conditions, so it is necessary to start the appropriate actions. Ethical business behavior in communication It should be clarified that ethical business behavior is not the panacea for all problems, nor does it lead to growth and prosperity by one hundred percent, but let's not fool ourselves, unethical behavior can not cause problems either internally or externally. The ethics in the company depends to a large extent on how their managers act. "The phrase was pronounced by Professor Antonio Argandoa during a continuity session aimed at alumni because a company must be ethical if it wants to be a good company and a manager must Be ethical if you want to be a manager, and "there are no good decisions if they are not ethical." Being ethical in the company is not easy", warned the head of the Chair of Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance of IESE. This is due, in his opinion, to the nature of the work and that, in many cases, ethics is not considered a relevant business issue (Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, 2004). Nevertheless, ethics is present in every decision made by a manager. Hence the importance that executives have in promoting ethics in the organizations in which they work, it listed a series of practical tips to promote ethics in management: Understand reality. The manager must learn to correctly assess reality: what we like does not always match what suits us. You have to take into account the consequences of your actions on yourself, and on the rest of the employees. For this reason, people in positions of responsibility in companies should strive to discover the needs of others and take them into account. This also implies, when the time comes, to acknowledge the mistakes and let yourself be helped. Helping others is a fundamental mission of any manager is, in addition to achieving good economic results, to ensure that the workplace is a space in which workers can develop as individuals (Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, 2004). We must encourage the sensibility of the people around us. We must also trust others, and let them know: we must know how to give them responsibility and let them be wrong, A good executive must eliminate actions that can move others to act selfishly. To do this it is necessary to develop a culture of dialogue in the company, and create trust with the rest of the team. Complicate life. It is not worth reducing to partial objectives. It is basic that managers overcome the temptation of comfort and flee from cowardice. To achieve this, it is essential that every leader do what is right and what is right for him every day. This will allow you to carry out an adequate management of risk, impacts and business practices. If you learn to act and acquire a set of operating habits, you will have many livestock. Ask yourself what is best in each case, and put the measures so that bad does not happen again," recommends the teacher. Conclusion In each of their decisions, managers must generate satisfaction in the organization in which they work to improve future results. And they must create and spread a professional and ethical culture in which the values of the company are aligned with the way of acting in it. To this end, it is key that management boards create controls and review structures, processes, routines and incentives. Another equally important aspect is to promote ethics in Human Resources policies: selection, training, promotion (Strauss and Woods, 2007). The manager's ethics is a condition for better management. The manager looks at values in another way, looks for other results, has other motivations, proposes other alternatives But this is only seen by those who dare to put it into practice. References Cory, J. (2005).Activist business ethics. New York: Springer. De George, R. (2014).Business ethics. Harlow: Pearson. Dolan, S. and Kawamura, K. (2015).Cross Cultural Competence. Bradford, United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Fisher, C. (2013).Business ethics and values. Pearson. Hampden-Turner, C. and Trompenaars, A. (2004).Building cross-cultural competence. Chichester: Wiley. Hobbs, M. (n.d.).Communications. Illman, P. (2001).Communications. New York: McGraw-Hill. Jeurissen, R. and Rijst, M. (2007).Ethics business. Assen: Koninklijke Van Gorcum. Metge, J. and Kinloch, P. (n.d.).Talking past each other. Paliwal, M. (2006).Business ethics. New Delhi: New Age International. Shaw, W. (n.d.).Business ethics. Strauss, R. and Woods, R. (2007).One well. Toronto: Kids Can Press.

System and Design of Light Rail Network

Question: Discuss about the System and Design of Light Rail Network. Answer: Introduction The system design process holds the relationships to setup the light rail network with efficient operations classified under the conceptual and the dynamic systems. The primary approach for this is to acquire the process with the relationship to tool out the methods. The customer satisfaction is based on meeting the needs and trying to balance the risks with the costs. There is a need to understand the views to handle the top-down approach along with managing the light rail transportation from system to system. (Salmon et al., 2016). This is for increasing the capacity and hold the network expansion which relates to providing a better segregation with increased manpower productivity. For the best cost and the benefit, the network system needs to focus on the traffic volumes and the separation degrees to weigh out what is necessary for the different system capacity processes. Conceptual Design system of Light Rail Network Problem Definition and the Identification The focus of the light rail network is on the local planners with the civic leaders and the stakeholders who need a proper guideline resource for the initiation of the development. The alignment considerations are based on the railway lines and the public arterials which are for sharing the track with the heavy railroads and the freeway alignment. The conceptual system is for handling the different values, ideas and the benefited which will be managing the approach to outlining the system analysis. The framework is based on the different system of methods, behaviors and the functions. (Shen et al., 2015). The common signal systems include the integration with the traffic signals to control the train movement which involve the prioritization of signal. System Operational requirements Elements of the Communication System This includes the radio communication, automation of the fare collection, vehicle location and the variable message board links. There has been a supervisory control and the Data Acquisition system which will help in handling the light rail network. The evaluation is based on planning and focusing on the decision-making the process to understand the LRT design. The conceptual plan includes the alignments and the associated infrastructure. The setup is based on the development of the public transport technology and access. (Design, 2016). For the development, the conceptual planning is necessary for handling the system level evaluation and designs for the civic leaders and the urban planners. Trackway route and infrastructure This is based on handling the structure with the appropriate selection of the segments which can provide with the enhanced opportunity by the rail project. There have been factors like the rail transit route and the other density and location activity centers for a proper employment. This provides a proper alignment which can easily minimize the costs of the construction and serve for precise traveling patterns and mobility. (Zheng et al., 2015). Operational facilities and distribution For the system, the improvement is based on planning the management of the system with a sustainable approach. The characteristics have been designed for the development where the functions operate to include the life cycle and the costs depending upon the rate of readiness. Figure: 10 Life Cycle, Performance, and EconomicConsiderations | A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives | The National Academies Press. (2016). Economic Factors The costs are based on handling the railway alignment which is of $24 million/mile and the shared use for the active railway line is $35 million/mile. Space per railcar: 770- 2760 SF (71- 253 m) and Cost per car- space: $416,000- $1,546,000. Technical Performance Measures The technical performance measures are to take hold of the single tracks for the different directions which are on the parallel streets with the bi-directions single track to handle the problem of ROW. The Interlaced track has been set for the effective working like the single track section where there are no switches or the rails to handle the movable switches. System maintenance and support There have been different common fare collection methods where the operator collects the fare, passenger self-service, and the turnstiles. (Giezen et al., 2015). The platform station profile has the typical platform with the platform width of the curb side of 8-10ft, trackside 10-16ft. The platform heights for the low floor standards is 14' and with the bridge plate is 8-10". The configure are based on including the center island platform, side platform and the curb side platform. Preliminary system design This is based on the allocation and the selection to perform the designs which are under the certain cost constraints. As per the production, there is a need to evaluate the rail network technicalities through the series of performances and the operations. The inventory measures need to trace the level of system and work on the functional analysis. In this, there have been stations and communications with the vehicle equipment to handle the modern system of the light rail network. (Crosbee et al., 2015). Figure: Integration of Process and Product Models - SEBoK. (2016). Design Requirements Onboard fare collections by the operator is a slow process as the passengers need only to board through the front door. The station based ticket vending machines and the proof of purchase are used in the LRT systems where the passengers involve the purchasing of the tickets from the ticket vending machines. There is a need to use the station based TVM to improve the efficiency and the convenience. This will impose an extra expense for the security. Development and process requirements. This is important for the handling of communication system with the FFBD. The controlled mechanism is as per the computation to bring out the maintenance with support and allocate the different technical measures for a better performance. System specification The functionality for designing and performance support. The on-board ticket vending and the proof of purchase for the lighter service. This helps in handling the passengers who are on the station or having the turnstile access to buy the tickets for accessing the platforms. This increase the footprints of the station. (Laporte et al., 2015). The system process is based on assuring that the design decisions are consistent to manage the interface along with assessing the complete structures. Process The process is based on the sustainable development with resource handling and maintenance. The patterns are set for the production and the dispersibility factor which set to the establishment of a proper design. The design includes the requirements and the creation of a higher level design descriptions where the processes are fed back as per the requirement and include the reliability, maintenance and the testing features for meeting the performance. Figure: Integration of Process and Product Models - SEBoK. (2016). Design Criteria The design criteria are based on handling the generation schemes which are based on the information gathered from the users. The roles and the responsibilities are based on the budget of the project which has been approved through a properly prepared report for the design. (Adham et al., 2015). Designing for sustainability and security The designing is based on the station platform work which includes the streetcar type stations for the fast, easy and safe access. For this, there is a need for the platforms which involve the level boarding systems with the full-time performance of the LRT stations which have amenities and the facilities like the benches, canopy or shelter, and the information kiosk for the help to the passengers who want to travel. (Opasanon et al., 2016). Maintainability The maintenance is based on handling the electric power for the production of the benefits in the performance, environmental cost as well as the ongoing cost. The discussions are based on the form of the electrification which supplies a direct current power over the wire to the LRT trains. The circuit for the direct current is through the steel running rails. This is mainly to ignore the danger and assure the effective traction of the power circuits. Detailed Design analysis The development is based on the handling of system with the utilisation of the best tool and process. The system analysis is through proper feedback and the corrective actions which are set under the maintenance and the support. Figure: 10 Life Cycle, Performance, and EconomicConsiderations | A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives | The National Academies Press. (2016). Evaluation and feedback The evolution of the different designs is based on the configuration which works for the looping progressions. There have been accomplishments based on the development of data and resource integration process. This looks for the contraction through the CAD drawing for the reviewing of the designed data. (Thagard, 2016). Design requirements The development is mainly based on handling the construction models along with keeping the track for the controlled parameters. This is the handling of the time and the other process with the improvement in the installation and the LRT (Light Train Transit) alignment. (Thagard, 2016). The communications are based on the secured systems which have a hardwired and a wireless communication which includes the radio communication, public address systems, variable message boards and the CCTV for the automation of fare collection. Figure: Integration of Process and Product Models - SEBoK. (2016). Conclusion The performance of the system is based on the light rail network and how the system is able to map to the embedded life cycle. The effective development leads to the production of the system design phase. The life cycle is operated where the configuration design approaches to support the model and analyze the different model approach. (Thagard, 2016). The maintenance is based on the hierarchy of the system through proper accessibility and the design. The security led to the transportation and opened where the products lead to a better performance. The storage and design phase include the operations and administration to identify the functional sites for the storage and the maintenance facilities. The conceptual planning is for handling the located storage support site where the information has been set to track the sharing with the heavy railroad operations. Recommendation The orientation process and the deployment are based on configuring the different processes which inhibit the decision systems. The customers try to focus on the deployment functionality by strengthened response to handle the system requirements. This will work on improving the delivery of the associated technicalities, where the resources are set to meet the dynamic and the static flow of the system. The paper has been focusing on the evaluation and conceptualizing of the LRT systems. The planners political and the civic leaders are for understanding the detailed design processes with the technical issues. Reference Salmon, P. M., Lenn, M. G., Read, G. J., Mulvihill, C. M., Cornelissen, M., Walker, G. H., ... Stanton, N. A. (2016). More than meets the eye: using cognitive work analysis to identify design requirements for future rail level crossing systems.Applied ergonomics,53, 312-322. Integration of Process and Product Models - SEBoK. (2016).Sebokwiki.org. Retrieved 17 August 2016, from https://sebokwiki.org/wiki/Integration_of_Process_and_Product_Models 10 Life Cycle, Performance, and EconomicConsiderations | A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives | The National Academies Press. (2016).Nap.edu. Retrieved 17 August 2016, from https://www.nap.edu/read/18872/chapter/12 Shen, L., Jiao, L., He, B., Li, L. (2015). Evaluation on the utility efficiency of metro infrastructure projects in China from sustainable development perspective.International Journal of Project Management,33(3), 528-536. Design, C. (2016). Railway Transportation Systems. Zheng, H., Peeta, S. (2015). Network design for personal rapid transit under transit-oriented development.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,55, 351-362. Giezen, M., Salet, W., Bertolini, L. (2015). Adding value to the decision-making process of mega projects: Fostering strategic ambiguity, redundancy, and resilience.Transport Policy,44, 169-178. Crosbee, D., Allen, P. (2015). Development of a Tram-Train wheel profile for dual-operation running. Laporte, G., Mesa, J. A. (2015). The design of rapid transit networks. InLocation science(pp. 581-594). Springer International Publishing. Adham, A., Younis, M. (2015). Design Planning Of A Railway Network System: Using A Simulation Model.Jurnal Teknologi,74(10). Opasanon, S., Kitthamkesorn, S. (2016). Border crossing design in light of the ASEAN Economic Community: Simulation based approach.Transport Policy,48, 1-12. Thagard, P. (2016). Emotional Cognition in Urban Planning and Design. InComplexity, Cognition, Urban Planning and Design(pp. 197-213). Springer International Publishing.

Epa Oil Spill Program Essays - Hazards, Ocean Pollution, Oil Spill

Epa Oil Spill Program EPA Oil Spill Program Overview Welcome to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil Spill Program. This website provides information about the U.S. EPA's program for preventing, preparing for, and responding to oil spills that occur in and around inland waters of the United States. As a major industrial nation, the United States produces, distributes, and consumes large quantities of oil. Petroleum-based oil is used as a major power source to fuel our factories and various modes of transportation, and in many everday products, such as plastics, nylon, paints, tires, cosmetics, and detergents. On average, the U.S. uses over 250 billion gallons of oil and petroleum products each year. To meet this demand, each year the U.S. produces an average of 125 billion gallons of crude oil and imports an average of 114 billion gallons of crude oil and other petroleum products. At every point in the oil production, distribution, and consumption process, oil is invariably stored in storage tanks. With billions of gallons of oil being stored throughout the country, the potential for an oil spill is significant, and the effects of spilled oil can pose serious threats to the environment. In addition to petroleum-based oil, the U.S. consumes millions of gallons of non-petroleum oils, such as silicone and mineral-based oils, and animal and vegetable oils. Like petroleum products, these non-petroleum oils are often stored in storage tanks that have the potential to spill, causing environmental damages that are just as serious as those caused by petroleum-based oils. To address the potential environmental threat posed by petroleum and non-petroleum oils, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established a program designed to prevent oil spills. The program has reduced the number of spills from the total volume handled each year. The program is also designed to prepare for and respond to any oil spill affecting the inland waters of the United States. EPA's oil program has a long history of responding to oil spills, including several major oil spills, and the lessons learned have helped to improve our country's prevention and response capabilities. The Oil Spill Program is administered through EPA headquarters and the 10 EPA Regions. [ Oilspill Home | Search Oilspill | Contact Us ] [ EPA Home | OSWER Home | Superfund Home ] [ Search EPA | Search Superfund ] URL: http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/overview.htm This page last updated on March 7, 2001 Comments: [emailprotected] Bibliography http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/overview.htm Current Events

20 Critical Essay Topics Understand and Debate Police Brutality

20 Critical Essay Topics Understand and Debate Police Brutality If you are interested in writing a critical essay on police brutality, you can get a jump start by reviewing the 20 useful topics below: Differences in Police Brutality Statistics for Different Genders. Policies to Stop Police Brutality. Policies to Reduce Police Brutality in Two Countries of Your Choosing. Countries with High Rates of Police Brutality. How GDP Influences Rates of Police Brutality. How Police Salary Influences Rates of Police Brutality. Differences in Police Brutality Statistics for Different Ages Groups. Differences in Police Brutality Statistics for Different Countries. Impact of Police Brutality Statistics in Legislation. Influencing Factors for Police Brutality. Low Psychological Evaluative Standards Leads to Higher Rates of Police Brutality. Differences in Police Brutality Statistics for Different Races. Difference between Police Brutality among Female Officers and Male Officers. Whether Male Officers Show More Police Brutality toward Male Victims or Female Victims. Whether Female Officers Show More Police Brutality toward Male Victims or Female Victims. Statistical Changes to Police Brutality over a Ten Year Period. Correlation between Police Corruption and Police Brutality. Changes in Police Corruption Statistics between Urban and Suburban Areas. Whether Arrests and Charges for Police Brutality Reduce Rates of Police Brutality Afterward among Other Officers. Whether Police Brutality is Regularly Swept under the Rug Among Closely Knit Police Units. Out of all the interesting ideas which are available, it can still be difficult to really understand how to get started on any of these topics when writing your essay. Don’t forget to visit the article with facts on police brutality that comply with these topics. In addition, improve your writing quality with guides on critical essays. That is why you will find a great sample essay below on one of the topics listed above: Sample Critical Essay Low Psychological Evaluative Standards Leads to Higher Rates of Police Brutality For some jobs, applicants are required to take psychological evaluations during the application process. These jobs are typically those which require a security clearance or where weapons are wielded. The purpose of the tests are to ensure that the person remains psychologically stable enough to fulfill the duties of their position. Such low standards results in psychologically unstable individuals wielding not only lethal weapons but dangerous levels of authority over others. Because of this background, many of the individuals within the police force if not all have a deep desire to protect one another from anyone who is considered an outside. This only encourages the police brutality that is so prevalent among the psychologically unstable. In many cases the individuals are required to take regular evaluations to ensure they remain stable regularly. After extreme incidents on the job, the same individuals may be required to take an additional test to ensure the incident did not cause damage enough to render the person unable to fulfill their duties. Examples of such cases might include getting shot or having a partner injured or killed in the line of duty. While the purpose of these tests remains viable and is a necessity for ensuring that anyone wielding weapons is doing so safely, the acceptable levels to which certain members are held during their initial application and during subsequent examinations is far too low among police forces, which only cultivates an environment of police brutality. Police forces who are required to take entry examinations for their psychological evaluation are not held to high enough standards. With such low initial requirements, it is not surprising that police officers continue to be approved to work in the line of duty regularly. With low entry requirements, the individuals who were bullies in school or who were severely bullied, those who were not loved enough as a child, and those who have serious psychological issues which result in them craving power and authority over others. This psychological background makes police officers hungry for situations where they can exert their power over others. It makes them immediately feign a feeling of threat if an individual asks why they were pulled over or states to the officer that the officer is actually not in accordance with the law during a procedure. Situations where the psychologically unstable individual even remotely feels threatened results in severe retaliation in the form of police brut ality. What makes this retaliation even worse is the protective nature of the police force. Members within the force will automatically side with one another over anyone who is an â€Å"outsider† even if they know their police member was in the wrong. They will bend the legal rules for no one but their own, making them complete hypocrites. In addition to this, police officers who are already unstable will view an outside complaining that a member of their unit broke the law as a threat. And as aforementioned, these perceived threats to someone who is psychologically unstable result in severe backlash, bullying, and bending of the rules. In order to rectify the issue of high police brutality rates, it is imperative that the psychological standards to which members of the police departments are held be raised. Psychological evaluations should review the stability of the individual, their background, their childhood, and search for any indications in their background that they were abused or that they abused others. By identifying those who seek power and control in order to make themselves feel better, and identifying those who enjoy hurting others to bring themselves up, police departments can stop hiring individuals who are more of a threat to society than a help to society. This can put a stop to police brutality. By doing this, true change can come about to all of the police forces which choose to make the world a better place. References Anderson, Kelly C.  Police Brutality. San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, 1995. Print. Fitzgerald, Sheila.  Police Brutality. Detroit: Greenhaven Press/Thomson Gale, 2007. Print. Kirschner, Robert H. Police Brutality In The USA.  The Lancet  350.9088 (1997): 1395. Web. Kuhns, Joseph B, and Johannes Knutsson.  Police Use Of Force. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger, 2010. Print. Lawrence, Regina G.  The Politics Of Force. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Print. Nelson, Jill.  Police Brutality. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 2000. Print. Roleff, Tamara L.  Police Brutality. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Print.

School holidays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School holidays - Essay Example In order to attend the first Mass, an individual has to be out of bed as early as a quarter to six, in the morning. The first mass usually begins at exactly eight o’clock, and Father Franco is never known to be late for Mass. It was not easy for most of our peers to attend the first Mass because it cut in on their precious holiday sleep, which was a privilege that not many cared to forfeit just to attend the first Mass. Ken and I had different motivators that saw us opt it. During the school holiday, we had a favorite Sunday afternoon activity that involved going swimming at the local sports club where we had the opportunity to interact and socialize with young girls whom we fancied. Getting to the swimming pool early was the best strategy of eliminating competition and getting the best poolside sunbathing spots close to the girls. Additionally, visiting the swimming pool earlier meant that we could not be locked out when the gate is closed to prevent more people from coming in since it had a limited capacity. We lived in a community where skipping church attendance was a taboo because we lived in an extremely strict Catholic society. Everyone had to attend church on Sunday morning before attending to any other activity unless a person was bedridden or incapacitated by a life-threatening situation.